From the author: We consider ourselves free, although our past constantly determines our lives. Since ancient times, philosophers have attached great importance to dreams, as well as altered trance and hypnotic states. They knew that in such states memories that had been forgotten while awake could resurface, and they assumed that telepathic abilities were enhanced. For a long time, starting with Paracelsus, mystics tried to treat psychosomatic disorders by inducing a trance state in patients, which contributed to “miraculous” healing. Such practices and knowledge were the property of only a few initiates. Only Mesmer, with his paranoid persistence, managed to attract the attention of academies (1784), scientists and doctors. Since then, we had to recognize the UNCONSCIOUS in its three aspects: 1) dreams; 2) trance state, hypnotic state; 3) some manifestations of mental illness. Later they came to the understanding that the unconscious plays a decisive role in the conscious actions of any person, and in general, the unconscious is part of our everyday life, and not some kind of pathological condition. In different eras, thinkers met (among them Augustine Blessed and Descartes), which pointed out that memories of early childhood, seemingly forever forgotten, can resurface, and that traces of all previous experiences are preserved in our brain. At the beginning of the 19th century, philosophical ideologists relied on Condillac’s idea that that any of our decisions is made under the influence of certain hidden factors that are more significant than the motives that we ourselves put forward to explain our actions. At the end of the 19th century, the founder of PSYCHOSOMATIC research, Faria, noted that impressions that arose in the sphere of intuition and, therefore, are completely beyond our control will, which is capable of controlling only external feelings, do not necessarily take the form of thought, sometimes they appear in the form of a symptom: “The suppression of anxiety and suffering, rather than joy and pleasure, is the usual cause of the formation of stones, which doctors sometimes discover when opening the corpses of choleric people and an easily excitable temperament...” Charles Richet (1884) showed that the phenomena associated with hypnosis are not so far from the phenomena of everyday life: all events occurring in an anomalous state only clarify what happens every day. “I would like to discover,” writes Richet, “this absolute unconscious, which retains this or that memory in memory for as long as desired, even if the person in whom this memory lives does not suspect it. This is an unconscious memory, no matter how strange such a phrase may seem to us.” Richet was able to understand that such memories are also inherent in a normal person: “We consider ourselves free, although our past constantly determines our life.” Richet was not alone in his guess that pathological manifestations of personality are not much different from normal ones, since at their core and Both of them are underlain by unconscious processes. This point of view was shared by many scientists. Taine showed that the ordering of facts in our unconscious is a certain dynamic process: “Sensation comes to life in an image; the stronger the feeling, the brighter the image. Everything that occurs in the first state also occurs in the second, since the second is a renewal of the first. Likewise, in this struggle for existence, which images wage between themselves every minute, it is the image, initially endowed with more energy, that has the ability to displace its rivals in conflict. That is why it immediately reappears and then often repeats itself until the laws of gradual extinction and the constant onslaught of new impressions crush its privileges, and the rival images, having achieved freedom of action, finally gain the possibility of independent development (1870).” Thus, Taine introduced the concept of REPRESSION, which was destined to occupy a paramount place in Freudian theory/