It is very interesting to work with defense against shame in therapy. The main defense against shame is shame itself. It is shameful to experience shame, and therefore in order for the client to talk about his shame, he needs to receive a sufficient amount of support and acceptance for this. It is important that the therapist himself is aware of his defenses against shame. To avoid feeling shame, you can use defenses such as: accusation, excuses, irony, disbelief, sarcasm, etc. It happens that narcissistic individuals behave proudly and self-confidently, but this may turn out to be a reactive formation, that is, they are trying to hide your insignificance. It may often be that a person's activity is based on reactive formation. A psychologist needs to be very, very careful in working with reactive formation, because it is very strongly included in the structure of a person's character. For example, if a person hides his selfishness behind his generosity, for which he is ashamed, and you tell him about it, then the person may not be able to cope with this psychologically. It often happens that the people around this person completely understand the person’s selfishness, and the only person who is not aware of his selfishness is himself. This is how a person creatively adapted to the environment in which he lives. Most likely, his environment condemns his selfishness, does not allow him to be selfish and demands generosity from him. Another way to protect against shame is to minimize and criticize yourself. If a person begins to criticize himself first, then other people will no longer be so critical of him. A person, if he needs to tell something, can ask the people listening to him to correct him if he is wrong in anything in his story, and in this way he will protect himself from shame. He will not feel ashamed when he is corrected, because he himself asked for it. It is very important for a psychologist to be aware of his defenses against shame, so as not to accidentally shame the client. Such a situation, that the therapist knows something that the client does not, already creates shame.